More on Induction Motor
I have spent some time trying to understand what makes a better performance . For this motor I have coiled 2 new sets of secondarys . Finding the fastest RPM of the rotor from a selection of centertaps on the secondary, and the coolest and most safe drift temprature on the primary coils. Desired to be about 60 degree Celcius under normal drift. The patent is still : Tesla no. 524,426
Important aspects of increasing the diameter of a wire in a coil .
Effects of doubling the Diameter of a wire .
AWG 30 AWG 24
Diameter = 0.255 mm * 2 = 0.511 mm
Crossection Area = 0.051mm^2 * 4 = 0.204 mm^2
Resistance per meter = 0.338 ohm/m / 4 = 0.0845 ohm/m
Wheight in kg per meter = 0.000453 kg /m * 4 = 0.00182 kg/m
The volumetric mass of the coil is also increased. And also the Watt possible to put thru the machine.
From the socket 230V
4 main motor coils in series P1400 *4 = 60 ohm
I measure = 0.65 Ampere
My coils are AWG24 (D0.51mm) Primary P1400 turns * 4 coils .
Secondary SWG (D0.75mm) , centertaps S200, S250, S300, S350, S400 turns * 2 coils .
I have measured up to 20 RPS (20*60sec = 1200 rpm) on the rotor wheighing about 170 grams. And about 16 RPS on a 360 gram rotor. The rotor is suspended vertically thru a main bearing on the top lid, and a centered in a bearing near the bottom. Motor housing is levelled by a water measure to avoid wobble and imbalance .
the 2 primarys that have the secondarys around them also have a bank of capaitors. at about 24uF on each. Am going to test with more capacitance. remove exess centertap wire from the coils and maybe make a video of it .
Measure Equipment
Digital IR meter for temprature
Tachometer for RPM . laser product , dont look on the laser, or the reflection . headache alert !
Stop Watch . Mobile app for time keeping .
2 x Ampere meter, multimeter.
1 Phase Motor
230V AC
0.15kW
1000 rpm
0.65A
cos phi = R / Z = R / (U/I) = 80ohm / (230V /0.65A) = 80 / 353 = 0.22
Constraining the Ohm seemed to be the better idea. If a certain wire diameter tolerates 0.6A. then double the diameter would let thru 4 times the current , without overheating. Since resistance is divided by 4 on the same lenght of wire . And the weight would be 4 doubled .
I then wanted to know what is the Km/h if that shaft had a wheel of a certain diameter ?
20 RPS * 60 sec = 1200 RPM
1200* 60 min = 72 000 RPH
Diameter of the wheel. 25 cm
O circumf = pi * D = 0.78 meter . 1 rotation trace 78 cm on the road .
0.78 meter * 72 000 RPH = 56548 meter per hour
56548 / 1000 m = 56 km/h . With no load at all, effort is only to keep its own momentum going .
A problem I have to work on is this.
How many Watt is reqired to make the rotor lift 1 kilo load per 1 second. Arrangement of a crane of some sort. The vertical work of lifting is more or less the motherload of all work, and maybe the most costly form of all work . To lift vertically. Other means by transport an object form one place to another is by rolling on wheels for instance.
This motor goes slower and slower the more load you apply to it. when overloaded it moves very slowly . Having greatest speed, with no load at all. However little change in the ampere drawn from the socket. The ampere drops when the coils become hot, atleast over 70C . from 0.68A (coils are cold) to 0.65A (coils are hot) . In the small Resistance increase, giving a 200mA drop, the rotation is noticably reduced, from 16 RPS to 15 RPS .
Comparing this motor to an industrial motor is , in lack of a better word "hilerious". The industrial motors are very tighly done, its so close to perfect . Coils are subdivided into smaller seriescoppled units, spread evenly around the stator ring, 4 coils covering a 120 degree sector, making 12 coils total with 3 phases * 4 coils. Reiculus as my motor may see compared to the industrial motors. Its still functional for testing. I have the 360gram iron rotor running at 1250 RPM with proper adjustments. drawing 0.7A from the socket. the motor rig is modular, so the coils can be changed, the distance from the rotor to the motor can also be adjusted on all 4 coils. Instead of using 3 phases I use 1 phase, but additional secondarys and capactiors on the circuit to create the rotation.
It might seem futile to condensate a primary coil that has upon wounditself a secondary, that has its function to create a magnetic phase delay. It is said that the Cap has the Ampere "ahead" of the Voltage. and in the Coil the Ampere is "behind" the voltage, in each phase. Would not the Caps and secondarys cancel the delay . That is not the case . What I found out. was that usually with no caps. the ampere in the primary circuit got reduced some milliamps. but with proper caps I can stop the reduction of ampere in the coils. with about 30uF on each of the 2 coils I get a steady Ampere with no drop on the circuit ! Adding more capacitor increase the Ampere drawn from the socket, (60uF increase to 1.1A) and it seems the ampere keeps rising with time, as much as the wire in the coils are cooked along time ago . By this means I would claim that overcapacitating the coils, is a heat hazard and is certain to overheat some time or another .
Celcuis under normal 230V x 0.7A drift on the 4 serieswired primarys, temprature is 50 degree Celcius. Ampere secondary is 4.5A. Secondarys settle at 110 degree Celcius after an hour constant drift .
Iron is alos not doing its thing. For me. the iron in the cores just reduce the speed of the rotor. The Rotor is made of Iron , the coils have only construction iron to keep them in place. no iron cores. but when Iron is introduced, the RPM reduces, so I use no iron in the motor, except for the rotor. Depending on witch coil pair I insert iron into. Iron into the firstcoil pair the Ampere increases. The other pair, the ampere is reduced !But both settings with iron cores reduce the RPM !
Also the distance from the coils to the rotor. I thought this had to be so close that the rotor and stator nearly toutched. But that is not the case with this. The highest RPM is obtained when the coils are about 2-3 mm distance from the rotor ...So ... I am considering buying in Industrial Stator Laminations . But I have many experiences where Iron doenst help the magnetic action at all. particularely in AC Phase action, in DC action it is different, there Iron is of great aid to magnetism .
Dimensioning would be "crossection * lenght", mechanical enurance in the material, temprature of the copper, insulation, iron and magnets. Improve the weakest link . To make a 1.0kW 3 phase Y/D 400/230V . How much ampere can the wire take before it overheats. Thin wire with several coils in parallell or thick wire with coils in series ?
Temprature alter the material phases, from solid to liquid, and liquid to gas . When too much ampere is driven thru the wires, the copper turns toward liquid, and its Resistance increase. under great current the insulation and wire melts into a blob and is not a coil anymore . So again Temprature is the limit of the coil . Tempraure is the elephant in the room !
Generator coils and stator
http://sites.ieee.org/houston/files/2016/10/2016-09-27-2-Generator-Basics-1.pdf
Keep it Coil
Important aspects of increasing the diameter of a wire in a coil .
Effects of doubling the Diameter of a wire .
AWG 30 AWG 24
Diameter = 0.255 mm * 2 = 0.511 mm
Crossection Area = 0.051mm^2 * 4 = 0.204 mm^2
Resistance per meter = 0.338 ohm/m / 4 = 0.0845 ohm/m
Wheight in kg per meter = 0.000453 kg /m * 4 = 0.00182 kg/m
The volumetric mass of the coil is also increased. And also the Watt possible to put thru the machine.
From the socket 230V
4 main motor coils in series P1400 *4 = 60 ohm
I measure = 0.65 Ampere
My coils are AWG24 (D0.51mm) Primary P1400 turns * 4 coils .
Secondary SWG (D0.75mm) , centertaps S200, S250, S300, S350, S400 turns * 2 coils .
I have measured up to 20 RPS (20*60sec = 1200 rpm) on the rotor wheighing about 170 grams. And about 16 RPS on a 360 gram rotor. The rotor is suspended vertically thru a main bearing on the top lid, and a centered in a bearing near the bottom. Motor housing is levelled by a water measure to avoid wobble and imbalance .
the 2 primarys that have the secondarys around them also have a bank of capaitors. at about 24uF on each. Am going to test with more capacitance. remove exess centertap wire from the coils and maybe make a video of it .
Measure Equipment
Digital IR meter for temprature
Tachometer for RPM . laser product , dont look on the laser, or the reflection . headache alert !
Stop Watch . Mobile app for time keeping .
2 x Ampere meter, multimeter.
1 Phase Motor
230V AC
0.15kW
1000 rpm
0.65A
cos phi = R / Z = R / (U/I) = 80ohm / (230V /0.65A) = 80 / 353 = 0.22
Constraining the Ohm seemed to be the better idea. If a certain wire diameter tolerates 0.6A. then double the diameter would let thru 4 times the current , without overheating. Since resistance is divided by 4 on the same lenght of wire . And the weight would be 4 doubled .
I then wanted to know what is the Km/h if that shaft had a wheel of a certain diameter ?
20 RPS * 60 sec = 1200 RPM
1200* 60 min = 72 000 RPH
Diameter of the wheel. 25 cm
O circumf = pi * D = 0.78 meter . 1 rotation trace 78 cm on the road .
0.78 meter * 72 000 RPH = 56548 meter per hour
56548 / 1000 m = 56 km/h . With no load at all, effort is only to keep its own momentum going .
A problem I have to work on is this.
How many Watt is reqired to make the rotor lift 1 kilo load per 1 second. Arrangement of a crane of some sort. The vertical work of lifting is more or less the motherload of all work, and maybe the most costly form of all work . To lift vertically. Other means by transport an object form one place to another is by rolling on wheels for instance.
This motor goes slower and slower the more load you apply to it. when overloaded it moves very slowly . Having greatest speed, with no load at all. However little change in the ampere drawn from the socket. The ampere drops when the coils become hot, atleast over 70C . from 0.68A (coils are cold) to 0.65A (coils are hot) . In the small Resistance increase, giving a 200mA drop, the rotation is noticably reduced, from 16 RPS to 15 RPS .
Comparing this motor to an industrial motor is , in lack of a better word "hilerious". The industrial motors are very tighly done, its so close to perfect . Coils are subdivided into smaller seriescoppled units, spread evenly around the stator ring, 4 coils covering a 120 degree sector, making 12 coils total with 3 phases * 4 coils. Reiculus as my motor may see compared to the industrial motors. Its still functional for testing. I have the 360gram iron rotor running at 1250 RPM with proper adjustments. drawing 0.7A from the socket. the motor rig is modular, so the coils can be changed, the distance from the rotor to the motor can also be adjusted on all 4 coils. Instead of using 3 phases I use 1 phase, but additional secondarys and capactiors on the circuit to create the rotation.
It might seem futile to condensate a primary coil that has upon wounditself a secondary, that has its function to create a magnetic phase delay. It is said that the Cap has the Ampere "ahead" of the Voltage. and in the Coil the Ampere is "behind" the voltage, in each phase. Would not the Caps and secondarys cancel the delay . That is not the case . What I found out. was that usually with no caps. the ampere in the primary circuit got reduced some milliamps. but with proper caps I can stop the reduction of ampere in the coils. with about 30uF on each of the 2 coils I get a steady Ampere with no drop on the circuit ! Adding more capacitor increase the Ampere drawn from the socket, (60uF increase to 1.1A) and it seems the ampere keeps rising with time, as much as the wire in the coils are cooked along time ago . By this means I would claim that overcapacitating the coils, is a heat hazard and is certain to overheat some time or another .
Celcuis under normal 230V x 0.7A drift on the 4 serieswired primarys, temprature is 50 degree Celcius. Ampere secondary is 4.5A. Secondarys settle at 110 degree Celcius after an hour constant drift .
Image of the next project : Adjustable Rig for Alternating Motor
A model made in my fave 3D program . MODO foundry .
Iron is alos not doing its thing. For me. the iron in the cores just reduce the speed of the rotor. The Rotor is made of Iron , the coils have only construction iron to keep them in place. no iron cores. but when Iron is introduced, the RPM reduces, so I use no iron in the motor, except for the rotor. Depending on witch coil pair I insert iron into. Iron into the firstcoil pair the Ampere increases. The other pair, the ampere is reduced !But both settings with iron cores reduce the RPM !
Also the distance from the coils to the rotor. I thought this had to be so close that the rotor and stator nearly toutched. But that is not the case with this. The highest RPM is obtained when the coils are about 2-3 mm distance from the rotor ...So ... I am considering buying in Industrial Stator Laminations . But I have many experiences where Iron doenst help the magnetic action at all. particularely in AC Phase action, in DC action it is different, there Iron is of great aid to magnetism .
Dimensioning would be "crossection * lenght", mechanical enurance in the material, temprature of the copper, insulation, iron and magnets. Improve the weakest link . To make a 1.0kW 3 phase Y/D 400/230V . How much ampere can the wire take before it overheats. Thin wire with several coils in parallell or thick wire with coils in series ?
Temprature alter the material phases, from solid to liquid, and liquid to gas . When too much ampere is driven thru the wires, the copper turns toward liquid, and its Resistance increase. under great current the insulation and wire melts into a blob and is not a coil anymore . So again Temprature is the limit of the coil . Tempraure is the elephant in the room !
Generator coils and stator
http://sites.ieee.org/houston/files/2016/10/2016-09-27-2-Generator-Basics-1.pdf
Keep it Coil
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